With an increasing number of studies on leadership, the concepts of ethics and servant-hood occupy a greater presence in educational management literature. Today’s school leader could achieve more recognition, become more credible and legitimate in their schools, with their stand in ethical dilemmas and welcoming the needs of the teachers and learners in the first place. It is believed that servant leadership presents organizations with a chance to attain their goals in ethical leadership practices. When the literature is examined, there seems a tendency to assume servant leadership as an influential factor in ethical outcomes. Thus, this chapter will seek to examine the related terms in ethical and servant leadership, the link between both leadership styles and will explore conceptual and empirical findings related to both leadership styles. The chapter is focused on studies in business and education settings, to give more comprehensive idea to the readers on servant and ethical leadership styles.
Arslan, M. (2019). Main Principles of Islamic Work Ethic and Ethic-Civilizations Relationship in Ibn Khaldun. İbn Haldun Çalışmaları Dergisi, 4 (1),101-128. Doi: 10.36657/ihcd.2019.54
Barnabas, A., & Clifford, P. S. (2012). Mahatma Gandhi–an Indian model of servant leadership. International journal of leadership studies, 7(2), 132-150.
Brown, M. E., Treviño, L. K., & Harrison, D. A. (2005). Ethical leadership: A social learning perspective for construct development and testing. Organizational behavior and human decision processes, 97(2), 117-134.
Brumley, C. (2011). Leadership Standards in Action: The School Principal as Servant-Leader, R&L Education, ProQuest Ebook Central, http://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/harran/detail.action?docID=860080.
Burton, L. J., Welty-Peachey, J., & Wells, J. E. (2017). The role of servant leadership in developing an ethical climate in sport organizations. Journal of Sport Management, 31(3), 229-240. https://doi.org/10.1123/jsm.2016-0047
Cerit, Y. (2010). The effects of servant leadership on teachers’ organizational commitment in primary schools in Turkey. International Journal of Leadership in Education, 13(3), 301-317.
Çimen, B., & Karadağ, E. (2019). Özel okul müdürlerinin etik davranışları üzerine bir araştırma [The ethical behaviors of principals in private schools]. İş Ahlakı Dergisi, DOI: 10.12711/tjbe.2019.12.1.0125
Dodd, R., Achen, R. M., & Lumpkin, A. (2018). Servant leadership and its impact on ethical climate. The Journal of Values-Based Leadership, 11(1), 1-22.
Ertel, S. (2017). Why Servant Leadership?. Servant Leadership: Theory & Practice, 4(2), 12.
Göçen, A. & Kaya, A. (2019, Nov. 3). Okul Yöneticilerinin Hizmetkar Liderlik Davranışlarına İlişkin Öğretmen Görüşleri [Teachers’ Perceptions on Servant Leadership Behaviors of School Administrators], 6. Uluslararası Bilimsel Araştırmalar Kongresi, Harran Üniversitesi, Şanlıurfa / Turkey
Gorlewski J.A., Gorlewski D.A., Ramming T.M. (2012) Standard 5. In: Theory into Practice. Constructing Knowledge (Curriculum Studies in Action), SensePublishers: Rotterdam.
Greenleaf, R. K. (1970). The servant as leader. Cambridge, MA: Center for Applied Studies.
Greenleaf, R. K. (1977). Servant leadership: A journey into the nature of legitimate power and greatness. New York, NY: Paulist Press.
Griffith, S.D. (2007). Servant leadership, ethics, and the domains of leadership. Presented at Servant Leadership Research Roundtable at Regent University. Retrieved from http://www.regent.edu/acad/global/publications/sl_proceedings/2007/griffith.pdf.
Güçel, C., Tokmak, İ., & Turgut, H. (2012). The relationship of the ethical leadership among the organizational trust, affective commitment and job satisfaction: Case study of a university. International Journal of Social Sciences and Humanity Studies, 4(2), 101-110.
Güngör, S. K. (2016). The prediction power of servant and ethical leadership behaviours of administrators on teachers’ job satisfaction. Universal Journal of Educational Research, 4(5), 1180-1188.
Hoch, J. E., Bommer, W. H., Dulebohn, J. H., & Wu, D. (2018). Do ethical, authentic, and servant leadership explain variance above and beyond transformational leadership? A meta-analysis. Journal of Management, 44(2), 501-529.https://doi.org/10.1177/0149206316665461
Insley, R., Iaeger, P., Ekinci, A., & Sakiz, H. (2016). An evaluation of teachers’ opinions about the servant leadership behaviours of school principals. Educational Process: International Journal, 5(3), 223-235. https://doi.org/10.12973/edupij.2016.53.4
Jaramillo, F., Bande, B., and Varela, J. (2015). Servant leadership and ethics: A dyadic examination of supervisor behaviors and salesperson perceptions. Journal of Personal Selling and Sales Management, 35, 108-124. https://doi.org/10.1080/08853134.2015.1010539
Jaramillo, F., Grisaffe, D. B., Chonko, L. B., & Roberts, J. A. (2009). Examining the impact of servant leadership on salesperson’s turnover intention. Journal of Personal Selling & Sales Management, 29(4), 351–365. https://doi.org/10.2753/PSS0885-3134290404
Kahveci, H., & Aypay, A. (2013). Hizmetkâr liderlik ve okul kültürü arasındaki ilişkinin ilköğretim okullarında incelenmesi [An investigation of relationship between the servant leadership and school culture in primary schools]. Eğitimde Politika Analizi, 2(1), 44-60.
Kalshoven, K., Den Hartog, D. N., & De Hoogh, A. H. (2011). Ethical leadership at work questionnaire (ELW): Development and validation of a multidimensional measure. The Leadership Quarterly, 22(1), 51-69.
Keith, K. M. (2014). The Ethical Advantage of Servant Leadership. Greenleaf Centre for Servant Leadership (Asia).
Liden, R. C., Wayne, S. J., Meuser, J. D., Hu, J., Wu, J., & Liao, C. (2015). Servant leadership: Validation of a short form of the SL-28. The Leadership Quarterly, 26(2), 254–269. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.leaqua.2014.12.002
Liden, R. C., Wayne, S. J., Zhao, H., & Henderson, D. (2008). Servant leadership: Development of a multidimensional measure and multi-level assessment. The Leadership Quarterly, 19(2), 161–177. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.leaqua.2008.01.006
Lumpkin, A., & Achen, R. M. (2018). Explicating the Synergies of Self‐Determination Theory, Ethical Leadership, Servant Leadership, and Emotional Intelligence. Journal of Leadership Studies, 12(1), 6–20. https://doi.org/10.1002/jls.21554
Mete, Y. A. (2013). Relationship between organizational cynicism and ethical leadership behaviour: A study at higher education. Procedia-Social and behavioral sciences, 89, 476-483.
Mkhize, N. (1998). Culture, Morality and Self, In Search of an Africentric Voice[Unpublished manuscript]. University of Natal—Pietermaritzberg, Department of Psychology, South Africa Initiative.
Muller, R., Smith, E., Lillah, R. (2018) Perceptions regarding the impact of servant leadership on organizational performance in the Eastern Cape. International Journal of Business and Management Studies, 10(1), 46-62. Retrieved from https://dergipark.org.tr/en/pub/ijbms/issue/36084/405169
Northouse, P. G. (2018). Leadership: Theory and practice. Sage Publications.
Ozan, M.O., Ozdemir, T. Y. & Yirci, R. (2017). Ethical leadership behaviours of school administrators from teachers’ point of view. Foro de Educación, 15(23), 161-184.
Özkan, M., Temiz, E. (2017). Teacher’s opinions related to servant leadership qualities of primary school principals, Kalem Eğitim ve İnsan Bilimleri Dergisi, 7(2), DOI: 10.23863/kalem.2018.89
Reed, L. L., Vidaver-Cohen, D., & Colwell, S. R. (2011). A new scale to measure executive servant leadership: Development, analysis, and implications for research. Journal of business ethics, 101(3), 415-434. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10551-010-0729-1
Rost, J.C. (1995). Leadership: A discussion about ethics. Business Ethics Quarterly, 5(1), 129– 142. Retrieved from https://www.jstor.org/stable/3857276
Sağlam, M. H., & Alpaydın, Y. (2017). The Relationship between School Administrators Personalities and Servant Leadership Behaviours. Journal of Education and Training Studies, 5(8), 106-113.
Schwepker, C. H., & Schultz, R. J. (2015). Influence of the ethical servant leader and ethical climate on customer value enhancing sales performance. Journal of Personal Selling & Sales Management, 35(2), 93-107.
Sendjaya, S., Eva, N., Robin, M., Sugianto, L., ButarButar, I., & Hartel, C. (2020). Leading others to go beyond the call of duty: A dyadic study of servant leadership and psychological ethical climate. Personnel Review, 49(2), 620–635. https://doi.org/10.1108/PR-08-2018-0285
Shim, D. C., & Park, H. H. (2019). Public service motivation in a work group: Role of ethical climate and servant leadership. Public Personnel Management, 48(2), 203–225. https://doi.org/10.1177/0091026018806013
Spears, L. C. (1995). Reflections on leadership: How Robert K. Greenleaf’s theory of servant-leadership influenced today’s top management thinkers (No. 658.4092 R333r). Wiley.
Tabancalı, E., & Çakıroğlu, Z. K. (2017). Okul müdürlerinin etik liderlik davranışları ile öğretmenlerin örgütsel vatandaşlık davranışları arasındaki ilişki [Relationship between ethical leadership of school principals and organizational citizenship behaviors of teachers]. Mersin University Journal of the Faculty of Education, 13(1), 392–417. https://doi.org/10.17860/mersinefd.296254
Tangwa, G. B. (2005). Morality and Culture: Are Ethics Culture-Dependent?. In Bioethics in a small world (pp. 17-21). Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg.
Teyfur, M., Beytekin, O. F., & Yalçınkaya, M. (2013). İlköğretim okul yöneticilerinin etik liderlik özellikleri ile okullardaki örgütsel güven düzeyinin incelenmesi (İzmir il örneği) [A research on the ethical leadership of primary school administrators and the organizational trust levels in primary schools: The sample of İzmir]. Dicle University Journal of Ziya Gokalp Education Faculty, 21, 84-106
Van Dierendonck, D., & Patterson, K. (2015). Compassionate Love as a Cornerstone of Servant Leadership: An Integration of Previous Theorizing and Research. Journal of Business Ethics, 128(1), 119–131. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10551-014-2085-z
Van Heerden, L. D. (2015). The relationship between servant leadership and an ethical work climate in an agri-business (Doctoral dissertation).North-West University: Potchefstroom.